What is an X-Ray Exam in Shipping?

An X-Ray Exam is a non-intrusive inspection performed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) using large-scale X-ray scanners to examine the inside of a shipping container without opening it. It’s used to check for contraband, undeclared goods, or security threats while minimizing delays.

This exam is part of the U.S. customs cargo screening process and is often referred to as a Non-Intrusive Inspection (NII).

When Are They Ordered?

CBP may select a shipment for an X-ray exam if:

• The cargo appears high-risk or suspicious
• Documentation is incomplete or inconsistent
• The goods fall under a sensitive commodity type
• The shipment is randomly selected for screening

What Happens During an X-Ray Exam?

• The container is drayed to an inspection site with X-ray scanning equipment
• The cargo is scanned without being opened
• CBP reviews the digital images to look for hidden items or mismatches
• If anything unusual is detected, CBP may escalate the exam to a Tail Gate or Full Devan

Costs and Delays

• The importer pays for drayage and handling fees
• Delays typically range from 1–3 days, depending on port congestion

Example in Practice

A container of clothing arrives at the Port of Savannah. CBP flags it for an X-ray exam to verify its contents. The scan shows everything matches the paperwork, and the container is cleared for delivery the next day.

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