Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS):
U.S. Import Classification Guide
Accurate product classification under the U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) is one of the most important—and most overlooked—responsibilities for importers. Your HTS code determines duty rates, quota eligibility, reporting requirements, trade program benefits, admissibility considerations, and even how your shipment moves through customs.
Whether you’re bringing in electronics, furniture, chemicals, or anything in between, the right HTS code anchors your compliance, your landed cost, and your ability to clear cargo without disruption.
To help importers navigate this process, we’ve created an HTS Chapter Directory directly below this guide, providing a structured way to review sections, chapters, and product categories before drilling down into your specific code.
Jump to a Specific Section:
Jump to a Specific Section:
Section One (Chapters 1-5) | Section Two (Chapters 6-14) | Section Three (Chapter 15) | Section Four (Chapters 16-24) | Section Five (Chapters 25-27) | Section Six (Chapters 28-38) | Section Seven (Chapters 39-40) | Section Eight (Chapters 41-43) | Section Nine (Chapters 44-46) | Section Ten (Chapters 47-49) | Section Eleven (Chapters 50-63) | Section Twelve (Chapters 64-67) | Section Thirteen (Chapters 68-70) | Section Fourteen (Chapter 71) | Section Fifteen (Chapters 72-83) | Section Sixteen (Chapters 84-85) | Section Seventeen (Chapters 86-89) | Section Eighteen (Chapters 90-92) | Section Nineteen (Chapter 93) | Section Twenty (Chapters 94-96) | Section Twenty-One (Chapter 97) | Section Twenty-Two (Chapters 98-99)
What Is the U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS)?
The U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) is a structured, 10-digit classification system used to assign duty rates, identify quota or special program eligibility, and fulfill import reporting requirements. Chapters 1-97 cover standard product classifications, while Chapters 98 and 99 capture special provisions, temporary measures, exclusions, and modifications.
Because the HTS is legally binding for every import into the United States, proper classification is essential to avoiding costly surprises and ensuring compliant entries.
How the HTS Works and Why It Matters
Here’s the 10-digit HTS code structure explained:
- Digits 1–2: Chapter (broad category—textiles, machinery, chemicals, etc.)
- Digits 3–4: Heading (major subdivision within the chapter)
- Digits 5–6: Subheading (more specific product detail)
- Digits 7–10: Statistical suffix + U.S.-specific distinctions
This hierarchy keeps classification predictable across industries and countries. A correct HTS code drives:
- Accurate duty rate calculation
- Eligibility for trade agreements or preference programs
- Identification of quota or safeguard measures
- Proper reporting to CBP and partner government agencies
Small classification errors can cascade quickly into costly delays, holds, or penalties, which is why importers benefit from a thorough, repeatable process.
How Do I Find the HTS Code for My Product?
To classify a product under the U.S. harmonized tariff schedule (HTS), start with a clear description. The more precisely you describe the product, the easier it is to match it to the correct tariff language.
Focus on:
- Materials and construction – What is it made from?
- Function and primary use – What does it do, and how is it used?
- Form and features – Is it assembled? Finished? A part vs. a whole?
A sound classification process often looks like this:
1. Define the product clearly
- Materials, function, and use case
- Any special features or components
2. Locate the likely chapter and heading
- Use product type and material to narrow down the chapter
- Compare your product to heading and subheading text
3. Review section and chapter notes
- Identify inclusions and exclusions
- Watch for special rules that may override your first guess
4. Confirm the full 10-digit HTS
- Validate the statistical suffix
- Make sure the full code describes your product, not just something “similar”
Our HTS Chapter Directory (which you can jump to here) provides a chapter-by-chapter breakdown to speed up your harmonized tariff schedule lookup. For official tariff and legal text, always cross-reference CBP’s published HTS database.
Navigating the HTS Chapters & Sections (Ch. 1-97 vs. 98-99)
Understanding when your product fits standard classifications (Ch. 1-97) versus special provisions (Ch. 98-99) is essential for accurate duty calculation and compliance.
Here’s a high-level overview:
- Chapters 1–97: Standard product classifications (raw materials, components, finished goods, machinery, consumer products, etc.)
- Chapter 98: Special provisions (e.g., certain returned goods, samples, and special import programs)
- Chapter 99: Temporary and emergency duties, exclusions, retaliatory measures, and modifications
Where Can I Find an HS Code List?
If you’re looking for HS codes—the global six-digit root of the HTS—you’ll typically use:
While HS codes form the classification foundation worldwide, always confirm the full 10-digit U.S. HTS for duty rates and compliance. The HS may tell you the “family” of the product; the last four digits of the HTS determine the exact treatment at U.S. borders.
Common Classification Mistakes and Duty Risks
Missteps often include:
- Using global HS codes instead of the required 10-digit U.S. HTS
- Overlooking statistical suffixes and U.S.-specific distinctions
- Selecting a chapter based on the end product rather than materials or construction
- Relying on outdated versions of the harmonized tariff schedule
Each of these increases the risk of under- or over-paying duties, misreporting to CBP, or missing eligibility for a beneficial program.
Misclassification Penalties & Duty Surprises
Consequences can include:
- Retroactive duty bills and interest
- Delays, holds, or examinations at the port
- Fines for negligence or false statements
- Loss of trade preference benefits or other relief
Treat “Misclassification Penalties & Duty Surprises” as more than a buzz phrase; it’s exactly what CBP is trying to prevent through tight enforcement of classification rules.
Where Can I Look Up Tariff Rates?
Once you have the correct 10-digit harmonized tariff schedule code, you can look up duty and tariff rates through:
Accurate duty information depends on accurate classification. A quick harmonized tariff schedule lookup is only reliable if you’re starting with the right HTS code.
How Shapiro Helps with HTS Classification & Compliance
Correct classification is part science, part art. That’s where our team—and our tools—come in. Accurate classification under the HTS not only ensures compliance but can significantly reduce landed cost and avoid penalties. By leveraging Shapiro’s resources and staying updated on HTS changes, importers can gain a competitive advantage in global trade.
Classification Advisory Module (CAM) Service
Shapiro’s Classification Advisory Module (CAM) Service is designed to support importers who want confidence and consistency in their HTS decisions. CAM helps you:
- Validate the correct HTS code for new or complex products
- Document the rationale behind each classification for audit and compliance purposes
- Stay ahead of changes in the harmonized tariff schedule, including duty shifts and chapter revisions
- Reduce the risk of misclassification penalties, rework, and shipment delays
Whether you need guidance on one product line or a full catalog review, our customs brokerage and trade compliance specialists combine hands-on experience with the U.S. harmonized tariff schedule to protect your bottom line and peace of mind.
HTS Chapter Directory
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